Too Tired? Too Anxious? Need More Time? We’ve got your back.
Question 11 pts
Which of the following was not mentioned as part of what a definition of psychology should encompass?
Group of answer choicesThe BrainBehavior
The Mind
Extrasensory Abilities
Genetic Predispositions
Flag question: Question 2Question 21 pts
Plato proposed that the human psyche (mind) is composed of three different elements in conflict with each other. Appetite represented …
Group of answer choicesour capacity for thought and logic.our most basic drives and desires.
our conscious self, identity.
metaphysical and supernatural forces.
Sigmund Freud
Flag question: Question 3Question 31 pts
Which of the following is not true regarding the classical theory of bodily humors?
Group of answer choicesIt dominated the view of medical and psychological illness for centuries.The treatments prescribed often seemed to work.
It was based on empirical facts, rigorously tested, and is still considered correct today.
It was never subjected to unbiased, controlled testing procedures.
Those not helped by the treatments often didn’t live to complain.
Flag question: Question 4Question 41 pts
During the Medieval period mental aberrations were often attributed to demonic possession or witchcraft. Early on many of the first people accused of being witches were …
Group of answer choicesmidwives.physicians.
philosophers.
psychologists.
clowns.
Flag question: Question 5Question 51 pts
Descartes contributed to both the philosophical and scientific approaches to psychology. Through introspection he determined his one great truth, cogito ergo sum. Through empirical research and dissection he …
Group of answer choicescame to the conclusion that the brain controlled the body in some way.mapped and traced connections of the nervous system.
developed and demonstrated the concept of the reflex arc.
proposed a rudimentary, though inaccurate, theory of nervous system function.
All of the Above
Flag question: Question 6Question 61 pts
Who first began to use and demonstrate the power of hypnosis?
Group of answer choicesHobbesLeibniz
Hume
Mesmer
Pinel
Flag question: Question 7Question 71 pts
In regards to brain physiology the term ‘localization of function’ refers to the …
Group of answer choicesability to focus attention on one particular task.ability to determine the location from which incoming sensory information is coming.
idea that specific parts of the brain are responsible for particular functions.
idea that the brain monitors and directly controls every aspect of the body’s functioning.
idea that the brain always works as a unified whole when performing tasks.
Flag question: Question 8Question 81 pts
As early as the 1830s psychophysics, like Weber and Fechner, were investigating phenomena related to psychology. What were they studying?
Group of answer choicesMethods of calibrating the physical intensities of stimuli.Relationships between physical properties of stimuli and private subjective experiences of stimuli.
Individual physical reactions to stimuli.
Collective group responses to stimulus changes.
The reason why physicists go insane.
Flag question: Question 9Question 91 pts
During the 19th Century, Hermann von Helmholtz made a number of contributions to physiology/psychology including determining the speed of the neural impulse which he calculated to be …
Group of answer choicesthe speed of light/electromagnetic energy.in excess of 760 miles per hour.
a maximum of 330 feet per second.
very different from one individual to another.
faster than a speeding bullet and more powerful than a locomotive.
Flag question: Question 10Question 101 pts
Who was the first individual to seriously suggest that childhood experiences could have a profound effect on later adult personality and adjustment?
Group of answer choicesPlatoJohn Locke
Sigmund Freud
John Watson
Gordon Ramsey
Flag question: Question 11Question 111 pts
Cognitive psychologists …
Group of answer choicesbelieve our actions go beyond automatic responding to stimuli.acknowledge a role for internal mental processes.
focus on the role of thought in directing our behaviors.
are interested in what underlies problem solving and decision making.
All of the Above
Flag question: Question 12Question 121 pts
In science the principle of parsimony compels us to adopt …
Group of answer choicesthe simplest explanation that adequately accounts for the data.the simplest explanation even if it doesn’t account for all the data.
the most complex explanation to ensure we don’t miss anything.
the explanation that fits with established theory.
many, many children like Brad and Angelina once did.
Flag question: Question 13Question 131 pts
Urbi Czar headed down to Stretchmark Beach to make behavioral observations. However, the normally casual and friendly people stared at Urbi, and some asked what he was doing. Most likely Urbi was …
Group of answer choiceswearing shorts, lying on a beach towel, and using a cell phone to convey notes back to his lab.wearing shorts, flaked out on a lounge chair, and writing notes in a spiral notebook with ‘Poems’ written on the cover.
unseen, making his observations from a small changing room in back of the lifeguard tower.
wearing a lab coat, sitting on a metal folding chair, and writing notes on a clipboard.
making his observations via binoculars from a balloon 500 feet above the beach.
Flag question: Question 14Question 141 pts
Dr. Gonzalez works with a very exclusive type of patient, young adolescents with severe chronic eating disorders. During the course of treating these patients she has amassed a great deal of detailed information on her patients. She is looking for common elements shared by her patients that might be used as warning signs to prevent such illnesses in the future. What kind of research is she conducting?
Group of answer choicesNaturalistic ObservationsCase Studies
Cross-Sectional Study
Longitudinal Study
Experiments
Flag question: Question 15Question 151 pts
In an experiment studying the effects of marijuana on memory, subjects receive different amounts of the drug. Then they engage in various exercises to assess their memory. The amount of drug given is …
Group of answer choicesan experimenter bias.the independent variable.
the dependent variable.
a confounding variable.
like I forgot the question dude.
Flag question: Question 16Question 161 pts
A potential subject of a psychological experiment is given information about the general procedures and potential risks of the research in order to make a decision as to whether or not to participate. This is commonly referred to as what?
Group of answer choicesDeceptionExperimenter Bias
Subject Bias
Informed Consent
Omniscience
Flag question: Question 17Question 171 pts
An experimenter interested in facial expressions of terror plans to point a gun at subjects as they enter a room and photograph them at the same instant. Ethically this is …
Group of answer choicesunacceptable because the risks and discomfort to the subjects outweigh the potential benefits from the knowledge to be gained.acceptable if the experimenter explains the experiment afterward.
acceptable if the subjects are paid.
acceptable if the gun is unloaded.
unacceptable, but nonetheless fun and worth doing.
Flag question: Question 18Question 181 pts
Which correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?
Group of answer choices+0.35+1.00
+2.50
-0.75
0.00
Flag question: Question 19Question 191 pts
Over the years teaching this course I have found that there is a correlation between the amount of time students claim to have studied and their exam scores. Those who spend more time studying tend to do better on the exams. What can be concluded from this?
Group of answer choicesThe amount of time one studies causes better scores on the exams.There’s something that causes students to spend more time studying and to do better on the exams.
There is a relationship between spending more time studying and doing better on the exams.
A history of doing better on exams causes students to study more to maintain their grades.
You should study more because it causes people to do better on the exams.
Flag question: Question 20Question 201 pts
After giving a 60 point exam in her psychology class Professor Moriarty performs some basic statistics and finds that the mean score on the exam was 50, while the median score was 41. What is the likely reason for this nine point difference between the mean and the median scores for this exam?
Group of answer choicesOne or two extremely high scores are affecting the mean.One or two extremely low scores are affecting the median.
It’s impossible to come to any conclusion without also knowing the mode.
The variability of scores must be rather low.
Most students are not doing well.
Flag question: Question 21Question 211 pts
Measures of central tendency provide an estimate of the typical or representative score for a particular group. Measures of variability provide information about …
Group of answer choiceshow much the scores differ within a particular group.whether or not the scores conform to a normal distribution.
differences between the measures of central tendency.
the probability of a particular score.
the demographic makeup of the group.
Flag question: Question 22Question 221 pts
The P-value of a scientific experiment expresses the …
Group of answer choicesproblematic nature of the results.empirical nature of the results.
percentage of subjects responding in the predicted direction.
probability that the results found were due to chance factors.
likelihood that a subject would need to be excused from the experiment in order to take a pee.
Flag question: Question 23Question 231 pts
Habituation is …
Group of answer choicesnot actually a form of learning.learning when not to respond.
an extremely complicated form of learning.
a waste of energy and attentional resources.
Sorry, I wasn’t paying attention.
Flag question: Question 24Question 241 pts
In classical conditioning terms, what is being depicted in the diagram above? [Note: It’s a very basic term.]
Group of answer choicesCross-modal acquisition of extinction.Behavioral phasing.
Cross-conditioning.
A dog.
Exaltation of a response.
Flag question: Question 25Question 251 pts
In Pavlov’s initial experiments he noticed that his dogs began to salivate not only to the presentation of food, but also to the sight of the person who regularly delivered the food. In classical conditioning terms what did seeing that person become?
Group of answer choicesAn unconditioned stimulus.An unconditioned response.
A conditioned stimulus.
A conditioned response.
A friendly face in a scary place.
Flag question: Question 26Question 261 pts
The most effective classical conditioning procedure involves presenting the Unconditioned Stimulus …
Group of answer choicesjust before the Conditioned Stimulus.soon after the Unconditioned Response.
soon after the Conditioned Stimulus.
just before the Conditioned Response.
unpredictably, sometimes before and sometimes after the Conditioned Stimulus.
Flag question: Question 27Question 271 pts
The first time Jebedia ever tried sushi he also drank way too many beers and became ill. Now he can’t bring himself to eat sushi again, even though he knows it was probably the beer that was the problem. What would be the classical conditioning term for this?
Group of answer choicesCounter Conditioning.A Behavioral Deduction.
A Conditioned Taste Aversion.
A Conditioned Emotional Response.
Me No Like Raw Fish.
Flag question: Question 28Question 281 pts
In classical conditioning conditioned responses are preparatory. That means they prepare the animal so that it is best able to deal with the impending arrival of the unconditioned stimulus and the response it will elicit. As such conditioned responses are …
Group of answer choicesalways similar in form to the Unconditioned Response.always opposite in form to the Unconditioned Response.
sometimes similar, but sometimes opposite, in form to the Unconditioned Response.
disruptive to the body’s homeostatic mechanisms.
fun for the whole family.
Flag question: Question 29Question 291 pts
All of the following are implicated in drug overdoses. Which involves classical conditioning?
Group of answer choicesTaking an unusually large dose, never previously tried.Missing the customary routines and cues that normally signal the body to impending drug use.
Being a first time user.
The use of dangerous fillers, such as fentanyl, to increase the apparent amount of drug purchased.
Combining drugs.
Flag question: Question 30Question 301 pts
How should decaffeinated coffee affect someone who normally drinks regular coffee? [Hint: The smell and flavor might well be considered Conditioned Stimuli, while caffeine acts as an Unconditioned Stimulus.]
Group of answer choicesIt should have no effect.It should act as a stimulant, because caffeine is a stimulant.
It should act as a sedative, because caffeine is a stimulant.
It should counter withdrawal effects from giving up regular coffee.
It should be an outrage to any decent, honest, upstanding person.
Flag question: Question 31Question 311 pts
Homeostasis refers to …
Group of answer choicesa stable home environment.similarity between items belonging to the same category.
enforced standardization.
the body’s attempt to maintain a stable internal state.
the secret plot arc of Game of Thrones.
Flag question: Question 32Question 321 pts
One example of intrinsic motivation would be reading a novel …
Group of answer choicesas part of a required classroom assignment.as a paid professional book reviewer.
for your own enjoyment and pleasure.
because all your friends have read it, are talking about it and you don’t want to be left out of the loop.
in order to avoid some more unpleasant task.
Flag question: Question 33Question 331 pts
School breakfast programs make sure children aren’t hungry so they can focus on learning and academic achievement. This approach has the most in common with which particular theory of motivation?
Group of answer choicesDrive reduction theory.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Homeostasis.
The concept of intrinsic motivation.
The breakfast burrito theory.
Flag question: Question 34Question 341 pts
As the level of motivation (arousal, stress, anxiety, or deprivation) becomes extreme …
Group of answer choicesperformance tends to degrade.performance is not affected.
performance tends to improve.
violence becomes likely when errors are made.
people tend to rate the task more favorably.
Flag question: Question 35Question 351 pts
Thorndike found that his cats became better and better at escaping from his puzzle box over successive trails. His explanation was that …
Group of answer choicesthe animals became better at focusing their attention.the animals became better at reasoning and finding the solution.
those behaviors that lead to successful escape were strengthened.
the overall speed of behavior increased.
the situation became increasingly aversive, better motivating the animals.
Flag question: Question 36Question 361 pts
A behavioral psychologist has found that hungry piglets will run down a track to obtain Oreo cookies placed at the end. This demonstrates that …
Group of answer choicesshe has isolated the only factor that causes piglets to run.Oreo cookies can be used to reinforce running behavior in piglets.
piglets will run down a track only if they expect to find Oreo cookies at the end.
she has found the only food piglets truly enjoy.
like everyone on the planet, she just loves to watch piglets run.
Flag question: Question 37Question 371 pts
As shown in the diagram above, B.F. Skinner found that various different schedules of intermittent reinforcement resulted in …
Group of answer choiceslower overall response rates than that found with continuous reinforcement.extremely rapid responding in all cases.
no real effect on responding.
corresponding characteristic patterns of responding.
confusion and a complete breakdown of responding.
Flag question: Question 38Question 381 pts
Which of the following schedules of reinforcement delivery results in the fastest rate of responding and is commonly employed by various gambling devices?
Group of answer choicesContinuous ReinforcementFixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Flag question: Question 39Question 391 pts
Shaping relies on the …
Group of answer choicesphysical form of an organism.physical condition of an organism.
variability of an organism’s behavior.
determination of the experimenter attempting to control behavior.
willingness of an organism to change its behavior.
Flag question: Question 40Question 401 pts
After spending about a minute stopped at a red light Abner starts slowly edging his car forward. Usually this has absolutely no effect on the light changing from red to green. But every once in a while the light changes as he does it. And so he continues to do it all the time. An operant psychologist would refer to this as …
Group of answer choicessuperstitious behavior.a response that has been shaped over successive approximations to the target.
responding based on an intermittent schedule of contingent reinforcement.
responding based on a fixed interval schedule of contingent reinforcement.
lucky sometimes.
Flag question: Question 41Question 411 pts
Negative reinforcement refers to …
Group of answer choiceswithholding reinforcement.removing an unpleasant stimulus.
a mild form of punishment.
a means of decreasing the probability of a behavior..
providing small rewards rather than large ones.
Flag question: Question 42Question 421 pts
When little Elwood cries his dad immediately picks him up. Elwood then feels secure, gets to look around at stuff and so stops crying. His dad’s actions are negatively reinforced in that they result in the termination of Elwood’s crying. But what has Elwood most likely learned?
Group of answer choicesCrying will result in positive punishment.Crying will result in positive reinforcement.
Crying will result in negative punishment.
Crying will result in negative reinforcement.
His dad is easily manipulated.
Flag question: Question 43Question 431 pts
Sheldon has begun to give Penny chocolates whenever she voluntarily steps out of the room to take a phone call so he is not disturbed while watching television. At this point she very reliably gets up and exits whenever her phone goes off while they are watching television, happily accepting a chocolate as she does so. How would a behavioral psychologist describe what is occurring here?
Group of answer choicesSheldon is using classical conditioning to get Penny to form an association between her phone ringing and the taste of chocolate.Sheldon is using positive reinforcement to increase what he considers to be appropriate behavior.
Sheldon is using negative reinforcement to increase what he considers to be appropriate behavior.
Penny is using positive reinforcement to increase Sheldon’s behavior of giving her chocolates.
Leonard has no idea what is going on between Sheldon and Penny.
Flag question: Question 44Question 441 pts
Which was cited as a major difference between providing reinforcement for desirable behaviors versus applying punishment (especially positive punishment) for undesirable behaviors?
Group of answer choicesApplying punishment is less complicated.Applying punishment involves fewer adverse side effects.
There is something providing reinforcement for the undesirable behaviors working against the application of punishment.
Intermittent application of punishment is more effective than intermittent delivery of reinforcement in controlling behavior.
There are more forms of punishment than reinforcement available.
Flag question: Question 45Question 451 pts
Which of the following was cited as one of the major drawbacks to the use of positive punishment on children?
Group of answer choicesIt is simple and expedient.It can interfere with the process of familial bonding.
It can generate overly submissive behavior.
It can reduce interest in activities other than those the parent wants to affect.
It is not particularly informative as it only tells the child what not to do, but nothing about what is appropriate behavior.
Flag question: Question 46Question 461 pts
John Watson performed an experiment on the acquisition of fear in which ‘Little Albert’ learned to fear white rats after repeated pairings of a white rat with a loud noise. The noise elicited startle and fear, an Unconditioned Response. After several such pairings, just the white rat alone would elicit a fear response. The white rat had become a(n)…
Group of answer choicesConditioned Stimulus.Generalized Stimulus.
Unconditioned Stimulus.
Conditioned Response.
Beloved Pet.
Flag question: Question 47Question 471 pts
As a result of Watson’s conditioned fear experiment ‘Little Albert’ exhibited a fear response to a white rat that had been repeatedly paired with a loud noise. He also moved away from it. Moving away would have …
Group of answer choicesprovided positive reinforcement by reducing anxiety.provided negative reinforcement by reducing anxiety.
alleviated his fear completely so that he would be comfortable with the rat the next time.
occurred normally over time anyway because rats are gross.
been highly entertaining to Watson.
Flag question: Question 48Question 481 pts
Phobias and obsessive-compulsive behaviors persist because the behaviors they generate result in the affected person avoiding the object of his or her fears. But by avoiding this exposure they never learn that …
Group of answer choicesother behaviors would be just as effective in avoiding such situations.other people are quite comfortable in such situations.
they actually no longer fear such situations.
there’s actually nothing to fear in such situations.
they’re right, and they should be afraid.
Flag question: Question 49Question 491 pts
Implosive therapy of phobias involves …
Group of answer choiceshypnosis.relaxation techniques.
exposing a patient to the object of his or her fears.
a patient gradually progressing through a hierarchy of fear-arousing situations while struggling to remain relaxed.
the use of midterm exams by professors.
Flag question: Question 50Question 501 pts
A patient gradually progresses through a hierarchy of fear-arousing situations while employing relaxation techniques to remain calm at each step. This exemplifies what commonly used treatment for phobias?
Group of answer choicesImplosive therapy (flooding)Aversive counter-conditioning
Response prevention
Systematic desensitization
Exam preparation for this class.
Flag question: Question 51Question 511 pts
Iconic memory and echoic memory are both variants of …
Group of answer choicesprocedural memoryshort-term memory storage
sensory register memory storage
long-term memory storage
computer data storage
Flag question: Question 52Question 521 pts
Short-term memory …
Group of answer choicesmaintains information in a relatively pure, unanalyzed form.holds information we have attended to for brief periods of time without rehearsal.
is the system used to maintain information for extended periods of time.
has an unlimited storage capacity.
is all the average American is capable of thanks to sound bites, tweets and YouTube.
Flag question: Question 53Question 531 pts
George Miller determined that the capacity of short-term memory was …
Group of answer choicesbeyond measurement.in excess of 70 items.
exactly 7 items.
between 5 and 9 items.
Huh? Like I forgot the question dude.
Flag question: Question 54Question 541 pts
How is chunking used to increase the amount of information one may store in short-term memory?
Group of answer choicesOne recognizes meaningful or familiar patterns in the information that can be remembered as single discrete units.One divides the material into subsets of discrete informational units of 2 to 3 items each.
One commits only part of the information to short-term memory initially, then adds additional chunks of information over time.
One performs a continuous internal repetition of the information, nothing more.
One eats heavy foods that increase the capacity of short-term memory, but cause weight gain thus making one ‘chunky’.
Flag question: Question 55Question 551 pts
Strong, long-lasting episodic memories are formed for events that …
Group of answer choiceswere similar to previous experiences.did not upset us, allowing us to calmly note all that occurred.
occurred in the presence of other people, allowing us to later share accounts of what happened.
were novel, with the unique aspects making those events distinct from previous experiences and perhaps generating an emotional response as well.
had cultural and historical significance.
Flag question: Question 56Question 561 pts
Being able to read a blueprint is an example of …
Group of answer choicessensory memory.episodic memory.
procedural memory.
semantic memory.
selective memory.
Flag question: Question 57Question 571 pts
State dependent and location specific memories are facilitated by …
Group of answer choicesa nurturing environment.internal and external cues.
simplicity.
properties of opposition.
unrelated previous experiences.
Too Tired? Too Anxious? Need More Time? We’ve got your back.